Encapsulation

Encapsulation in Python is the practice of hiding an object’s internal state and requiring all interactions to be performed through methods.

This helps protect data, improves code security, and makes programs more maintainable.

Example:

class BankAccount:
    def __init__(self, balance):
        self.__balance = balance  # Private attribute
 
    def deposit(self, amount):
        self.__balance += amount
 
    def get_balance(self):
        return self.__balance
 
account = BankAccount(1000)
account.deposit(500)
print(account.get_balance())  # Output: 1500

Here:

• __balance is a private attribute (not directly accessible outside the class).
• deposit() and get_balance() are public methods that control access to the private data.

👉 Next tutorial: Python Access Modifiers